AMALAN GURU BESAR MENGURUS PERSEKITARAN DAN KEMUDAHAN FIZIKAL UNTUK PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN KHAS INTEGRASI: SATU KAJIAN KES

Abstract

The lack of systematic leadership support in managing conducive physical environments for students with special educational needs (SEN) has hindered the effective implementation of quality teaching in inclusive programs such as the Special Education Integration Program (SEIP). This study aims to explore the practices of headteachers in managing the school environment and physical facilities in primary schools with SEIP classes. Using a qualitative case study approach, five headteachers from different zones in Besut district, Terengganu, were interviewed through semi-structured protocols. Data were analysed manually through thematic analysis. Based on the interview findings, the subthemes identified regarding how headteachers manage the school environment and physical facilities are planning, collaboration, and monitoring. Financial constraints and limited teaching resources for inclusive students emerged as major challenges. Additionally, the study identified three essential leadership elements required for effective facility management: the ability to communicate ideas clearly, competence in sourcing relevant information, and critical thinking skills. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education Malaysia develop specific guidelines and provide targeted training to enhance the leadership capacity of headteachers in managing schools that serve students with special needs.