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The published manuscript shall remain the copyright of the author(s), while the journal is granted the right of first publication. The work is simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated, allowing anyone to reproduce, distribute, translate, and create derivative works for both commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided that full attribution is given to the original publication and author(s) (full license terms available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). The published manuscript does not represent the views or opinions of the Advisory Board, Editorial Board, Co-Editorial Board, or the Management Team of the Journal of Islamic Educational Research (JIER), nor of the Islamic Education Programme, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya. This is an open access journal, meaning that all content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions, who are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles without prior permission, in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access.




